Founded in Denver in 1991, the Museo de Las Americas is dedicated to art from Latin America, including the art of Indigenous peoples. Since its founding, it has acquired more than 4,800 objects for its permanent collection. More recently founded US-based institutions devoted to Latino cultures include the Latino Cultural Center. Located in Dallas, it focuses on Latino cultures and art in the United States. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In what is now Minnesota, the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community operates the Hocokata Ti, a cultural center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Dakota history and culture to the tribe's citizens, The Comanche Nation, a tribe in Oklahoma, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Gus Edwards's remarkable first play The Offering was produced in 1977 by the groundbreaking Negro Ensemble Company (NEC... NEC cofounder Douglas Turner Ward, who worked as an actor, director, and playwright, had met actor and producer Robert Hooks while they were performing in a 1960 touring production of Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun. Together, they envisioned a theater company that would nurture and showcase the work of Black theater professionals. Since NEC's founding in 1967, its workshops and performances have given Black playwrights, including Edwards, a forum for their compelling stories. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

When people think of dinosaurs with feathers, they typically think of winged dinosaurs, such as the bat like Yi qi. However, many dinosaurs that didn't have wings also had feathers on their bodies. For instance, research indicates that the wingless, predatory Juravenator likely had feathers. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

When people think of dinosaurs with feathers, they typically think of winged dinosaurs, such as the batlike Yi qi. However, many dinosaurs that didn't have wings also had feathers on their bodies. For instance, research indicates thatthe winless, peacock-sized Caudipteryx likely had feathers Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Researchers Cesar A. Hidalgo, Elisa Castaner, and Andres Sevisuk created a computer model to predict the mix of businesses and places of interest found in a given neighborhood. The team used data from the Google Places API service to help identify florists, beauty salons, and other businesses and map theit locations. This, approach has some limits - data from Places APL tend to be restricted to places that are-customer facing - but the data set nonetheless provides an extremely reliable source to study colocation patterns of neighborhood amenities. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his grandparents, Babou and Mamou, in Iran. They are preparing for a holiday celebration. I felt like a tourist. But Babou fussed with my cap a little more, even though Mamou had already gotten it settled. He looked me in the eye from time to time, like he was looking for something, and thought maybe-just maybe-I had it in me afterall. Babou hummed to himself as he smoothed out my shoulder seams and rested his, hands on them, "I am glad you are here to see this, Darioush-jan." Maybe I wasn't such a tourist. Maybe I was a part of this, after all. @2018 by Adib Khorram Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his grandparents, Mamou and Babou and other family members in Iran. | was too tired to fall all the way asleep.and even though Mamou was soft and warm, leaning up against her wasn't a terribly comfortable position to sleep in. So I dozed and floated on the clouds of Farsi that blew my way from the front seat of Dayi [Uncle] Jamsheed's SUV. It reminded me of when I was little,and Mom chanted to me in Farsi every night before bedtime.It's hard to describe Farsi chanting: the way Mom drew her voice out like the notes ofa cello as she recited poems by Rumi or Hafez. I didn't know what they meant,but that didn't matter. It was quiet and soothing. ©2018 by Adib Khorram Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. The narrator, Darius, is a teenager visiting family in Iran, He and his friend Sohrab are at the entrance of the ruins of the ancient city of Persepolis. "The Gate of All Nations," Sohrab said. He gestured to the lamassus [sculptures] and pillars surrounding us. "That's the name in English." It wasn't much of a gate anymore, since anyone of any nation could have easily stepped around it instead of walking through. But it was still amazing. Behind the lamassu, more columns sprouted from the ground like ancient trees in a petrified forest, forty feet tall, spindly but still miraculously upright. Giant stone slabs formed the remains of what must once have been a breathtaking structure. ©2018 by Adib Khorram Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. The narrator, Darius, is a teenager visiting family in Iran, He and his friend Sohrab are at the entrance of the ruins of the ancient city of Persepolis. "The Gate of All Nations," Sohrab said, He gestured to the lamassus{ sculptures} "and pillars surrounding us. "That's the name in English." Ie wasn't much of a gate anymore, since anyone of any nation could have easily stepped around it instead of walking through. But it was still amazing. Behind the lamassu, more columns sprouted fram the ground like ancient trees in a petrified forest, forty feet tall, spindly but stil miraculously upright. Gian stone slabs formed the remains of what must once have been a breathtaking structure, ©2018 by Adib Khorram Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion of the text?

The following text is adapted from Adlb Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his family members in Iran. I dozed and floated on the clouds of Farsi that blew my way from the front seat of Dayi [Uncle] Jamsheed's SUV. It reminded me of when I was little, and Mom chanted to me in Farsi every night before bedtime. It's hard to describe Farsi chanting: the way Mom drew her voice out like the notes of a cello as she recited poems by Rumi or Hafez. I didn't know what they meant, but that didn't matter. It was quiet and soothing. © 2018 by Adib Khorram Based on the text, what does the narrator mainly remember about the times when his mother chanted to him?

In 2011 Stephen D. Simpson and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Amphiprion percula, a species of fish. However, Simpson and colleagues study relied on a mean sample size of only about 26 fish. In a 2022 review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Jeff C. Clements and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in tum, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Historians have argued that a crucial component of the Civil Rights Movement‘s success in the 1960s was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference’s Citizen Education Program (CEP), which invited promising activists from across the South to its one-week training sessions in Dorchester, Georgia, Led by experienced organizers such as Dorothy Cotton and Septima Clark, CEP attendees-more than 7, 000 in all-participated in workshops on topics ranging from public speaking to legal doctrine before returning home and using their newly acquired knowledge to spearhead local civil rights initiatives. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The following text is adapted from Louise Erdrich's 2020 novel The Night Watchman. Louis Pipestone is collecting signatures for a petition from fellow members of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa on the tribe's reservation in North Dakota, Louis Pipestone tended the petition like a garden. He kept it with him at all times. In town, his eyes sharpened when he noticed a tribal member who hadn't yet signed. Wherever they were-at the gas pump, mercantile [general store], at Henry's [Café]. on the road, or outside the clinic and hospital-Louis cornered them. If they were waiting for a baby to be born, he'd have them sign. If they were laughing, if they were arguing. If they were taking a child home from school, they signed, ©2020 by Louise Erdrich Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

In Egypt, use of solid fuel (e.g, coal, wood) as a share of total houschold fuel use fell by more than 90 percent between 2000 and 2015; such shifts are typically explained by appeal to the energy ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Alemu Mekonnen and Gunnar Kohlin's study of fuel use in Ethiopia shows how reductive this model is, however: although income of course, constrained fuel choice, several circumstances, including the local availability of different fuel sources, influenced decisions. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The following text is from Yung Wing's 1909 memoir My Life in China and America. Yung Wing was the first American college graduate of Chinese heritage; Phoebe Brown was the first prominent female hymn writer in the United States. I look back upon my acquaintance with Mrs. Phoebe H. Brown with a mingled feeling of respect and admiration. She certainly was a remarkable New England woman - a woman of surpassing strength of moral and religious character. Those who have had the rare privilege of reading her stirring biography, will, I am sure, bear me out in this statement. She went through the crucible of unprecedented adversities and trials of life and came out one of the rare shining lights that beautify the New England sky. Which choice best describes the function of the reference to Brown's biography in the text as a whole?

Tokyo has high pedestrian traffic, but simply replicating a feature of Tokyo associated with walkability – e.g, its high population density-may be insufficient to induce increased walking in other cities. As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues, our understanding of individuals' decision-making about whether to walk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize the role of personal preference, others the role of perceived safety, and so on, but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform individuals' choices. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Lisbon has high pedestrian traffic, but simply replicating a feature of Lisbon associated with walkability - e.g., its high number of relatively short blocks-may be insufficient to induce inereased walking in other cities. As urbanist Mariela Alfonzo argues, our understanding of individuals' decision-making about whether to walk is insufficiently robust: some studies emphasize the role of neighborhood type, others the role of individual physical fitness, and so on, but walking decisions are made in complex contexts in which multiple conditions and needs inform individuals'choices. Which choice best describes the function of the references to "neighborhood type" and "individual physical fitness" in the text as a whole?

Can field mustard plants grow on Mars? Can pea plants? You might think the answer to these questions is obviously no, but researchers in the Netherlands recently showed that the seeds of many common plant species can germinate in soil designed to simulate Martian conditions, as long as water is supplied. In fact, some species actually did better in Martian soil than in Earth soil: 30 percent of field mustard seeds sprouted when planted in simulated Martian soil, compared with 4 percent that did when planted in soil from their home planet. According to the text, what percentage of field mustard seeds planted in Martian soil sprouted?

Can field mustard plants grow on Mars? Can pea plants? You might think the answer to these questions is obviously no, but researchers in the Netherlands recently showed that the seeds of many common plant species can germinate in soil designed to simulate Martian conditions, as long as water is supplied. In fact, some species actually did better in Martian soil than in Earth soil: 30 percent of field mustard seeds sprouted when planted in simulated Martian soil, compared with 4 percent that did when planted in soil from their home planet. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse is a 2001 novel by Ojibwe writer Louise Erdrich. It explores how historical events affect families on a reservation in rural North Dakota. The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse is typical of Erdrich's work. Her writing usually focuses on portrayals of everyday life in Ojibwe communities. Yet some of her novels have fantastical plots and take place outside Ojibwe communities. For example, her 1991 novel The Crown of Columbus is, essentially adventure fiction, and the thrilling events in its plot are set largely on a Caribbean island. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

The Museum of Modem Art (MOMA) in New York City has an exhibition of video games that includes Pac-Man from 1980, which museum visitors can play on site, and SimCity 2000 from 1994, which visitors can see only in a video presentation. MOMA claims the video presentations are only for games that would be impractical to display in a playable form, but video games are an inherently interactive medium, a feature that is grossly absent in a video-only presentation. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The Museum of Modem Art (MOMA) in New York City has an exhibition of video games that includes Snake from 1997, which museum visitors can play on site, and SimCity 2000 from 1994, which visitors can see only in a video presentation. MOMA claims the video presentations are only for games that would be impractical to display ina playable form, but video games are an inherently interactive medium, a feature that is grossly absent in a video-only presentation. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The Far Side of the World, first published in 1984, is a novel in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey/Maturin series, which includes twenty books plus an unfinished fragment of a twenty-first. Like the rest of the books in the series, The Far Side of the World has a rather abrupt ending, but the following book, The Reverse of the Medal, picks up neatly where The Far Side of the World leaves off. Thus, the sudden ending is only an issue if one considers the books as independent texts - the Aubrey/Maturin series is best thought of as a single incredibly long work, similar to other multivotume stories, such as John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

The Far Side of the World, first published in 1984, is a novel in Patrick O'Brain's Aubrey/Maturin series, which includes twenty books plus an unfinished fragment of a twenty-first. Like the rest of the books in the series, The Far Side of the World has a rather abrupt ending, but the following book, The Reverse of the Medal, picks up neatly where The Far Side of the World leaves off. Thus, the sudden ending is only an issue if one considers the books as independent texts- the Aubrey/Maturin series is best thought of as a single incredibly long work, similar to other multivotume stories, such as John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Jerome's 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog) We [ people] are creatures of the sun, We love light and life. That is why we crowd into the towns and cities, and the country grows more and more deserted every year. Inthe sunlight- in the daytime, when Nature is alive and busy all around us, we like the open hill-sides and the deep woods well enough: but in the night, when our Mother Earth has gone to sleep, and left us waking, oh! The world seems so lonesome, and we get frightened, like children in a silent house. Then we sit and sob, and long for the gas-lit streets, and the sound of human voices, and the throb of human life. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Jerome's 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat with Harris and another friend. [Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone across the [English] Channel when it was so rough that the passengers had to be tied into their [beds], and he and the captain were the only two living souls on board who were not ill. Sometimes it was he and the second mate who were not ill; but it was generally he and one other man. If not he and another man, then it was he by himself. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is from Jerome K. Jerome's 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog). The narrator and two friends are taking a boat down the River Thames in England. In a boat, I have always noticed that it is the fixed idea of each member of the crew that he is doing everything, Harris's notion was, that it was he alone who had been working, and that both George and I had been imposing upon him. George, on the other hand, ridiculed the idea of Harris's having done anything more than eat and, sleep, and had a cast-iron opinion that it was he - George himself - who had done all the labour worth speaking of. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Though John Crowley, author of Endless Things, is not as well known as the most widely read American writers of the past fifty years, his work has had several influential champions, including the poet James Merill and the literary critic Harold Bloom. In his afterword to Crowley's book Little, Big, Bloom argues that the novel adroitly blends what playwright Friedrich Schiller termed the naive and sentimental modes - while Schiller thought works could be classified as either naive (seeking to describe reality) or sentimental (seeking to develop ideas), Little, Big fuses both modes of writing, Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The Federalist Papers ate a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison and published pseudonymously in the New York Packet and other New York newspapers in 1787-88. Though the authorship of most of the essays is certain, that of some is obscure: for instance, while No. 15, "The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union", was surely penned by Hamilton, No. 62, "The Senate," may have been written by either Hamilton or Madison. The difficulty of determining No. 62's author arises not from a lack of evidence but from too much contradictory evidence. Based on the text, which choice best explains why it is challenging to confidently assign authorship of the essay "The Senate" ?

The Federalist Papers are a collection of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. They were published pseudonymously in the New York Packet and other New York newspapers in 1787-88 and argue that New Yorkers should vote to ratify the proposed United States Constitution. Though the authorship of most of the individual essays is certain, that of a few is in question: for instance, while No. 6, "Concerning Dangers from Dissensions between the States," was surely penned by Hamilton, No. 62, "The Senate," may have been written by either Hamilton or Madison. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Community science, which involves professional scientists collaborating with amateur science enthusiasts to study a topic, is often an effective and engaging way to conduct research. It can allow people to assist with conservation efforts, provide youth with learning experiences outside of the classroom, and increase the amount of data researchers can collect. This approach was essential to the success of a study by biologist Grace Herzel and colleagues of butterfly color and its relation to behavior, which included findings from hundreds of students and community members in northwestern Arkansas. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In large community science effort, biologist Abbigail Merill and colleagues collaborated with hundreds of students and other amateur science enthusiasts for more than three years to study how butterfly color and time of day relate to butterfly behavior. They found that butterfly color might influence behavior more than butterfly size does, and that butterflies were observed to feed more often in the morning than at any other time of day. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The following text is from Reyna Grande's 2012 memoir The Distance Between Us. In the text, Grande is reflecting on experiences she had as a child, Abuela Evila is her grandmother, Elida is her cousin, and Mago and Carlos are her siblings. Every few days, Abuela Evila washed Elida's hair with lemon water because, according to her, lemon juice cleans the impurities of the hair and makes it shiny and healthy. In the afternoons, she would fill up a bucket from the water tank, pick a few lemons from the tree, and squeeze the juice into the water. Mago, Carlos, and I would hide behind a pink oleander bush and watch their ritual through the narrow leaves. Abuela Evila washed Elida's hair as if she were washing an expensive silk rebozo. Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

Known for the albums Someday My Prince Will Come and Milestones, jazz trumpeter Miles Davis collaborated several times with pianist Gil Evans. Their 1958 adaptation of George Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess bears little resemblance to the 1935, original, Davis and Evans felt no desire to please listeners expecting an exact duplication of the opera. They omitted parts, such as the aria "I Got Plenty of Nuthin," and sometimes made only brief gestures toward Gershwin's melodies. But Davis and Evans's willingness to recompose Gershwin's work led to one of the most enduring albums in Davis's catalog. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Scholarly interest in literary juvenilia - writings by children and teenagers - tends to focus on unpublished works by authors who became famous as adults, such as W.H. Auden's poem "Autumn," which he wrote around age 15, because they offer insights into their authors' artistic development. But some scholars also argue that recovering juvenilia by lesser-known writers is essential to understanding literary history: Daisy Ashford's novels, which she published as a child, were widely read by contemporaries and are therefore deserving of closer attention. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from George Eliot's 1857 short story The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton. Mr. Ely is a clergyman in the town of Milby. By the laity of Milby and its neighbourhood [Mr. Ely] was regarded as a man of quite remarkable powers and learning, who must make a considerable sensation in London pulpits and drawing-rooms on his occasional vist to the metropolis; and by his brother clergy he was regarded as a discreet and agreeable fellow. Mr Ely never got into a warm discussion; he suggested what might be thought, but rarely said what he thought himself; he never let either men or women see that he was laughing at them, and he never gave any one an opportunity of laughing at him. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Mexican architect Luis Barragan's prolific career, which spanned the 1920s to the 1980s, evolved through distinct phases. After traveling to the United States and Europe in the early 1930s and immersing himself in a broader architectural discourse, Barragin shifted his style to incorporate principles of modernism, as seen in the Ortega House. The project's unadorned geometric forms, typical of the modernist aesthetic, contrasted with the historically inspired architecture seen in his earlier projects in Guadalajara, such as the house for Emiliano Robles Leén. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

In response to concerns that some recent financial crises were exacerbated by consumers misunderstanding risks associated with credit eards, loans, and other financial products, policymakers in many countries have instituted risk requirements on sellers of those products. Enrique Seira et al. investigated a variety of risk-disclosure messages sent to thousands of credit card customers and found that the messages had only small and short-lived effects on behavior. Seira et al. asserted that such effects may nevertheless be worth pursuing, given the negligible cost of messaging. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Researchers César A. Hidalgo, Elisa Castaier, and Andres Sevtsuk created a computer model to predict the mix of businesses and places of interest found ina given neighborhood. The team used data from the Google Places API service to help identify hotels, supermarkets, and other businesses and map their locations, This approach has some limits-data from Places API tend to be restricted to places that are customer facing - but the data set nonetheless provides an extremely reliable source to study colocation pattems of neighborhood amenities. According to the text, what is one potential drawback of Hidalgo and colleagues' method?